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al (2013: 213-218) explain that “Pedagogical competence refers to performance, knowledge and skill in teaching and learning, thus it includes teachers’ capability to manage the teaching and learning process from the planning to the evaluation stages”. Writing process consist of some stage, they are planning, drafting, editing and final draft (Harmer, 2004:4).Ĭooper in Syahruddin et. According Harmer in Harsyaf and Nurmaini (2009:4) describe that the reasons for teaching writing to students of English as a foreign language include reinforcement, language development, learning style and most important, writing as a skill in its own right.

Teaching writing is to give someone knowledge or to train someone to instruct or to order or tell someone to do something causing to know or understand.

Richards and Renandya (2002:303) state that writing is an activity that is not only in generating and organizing ideas, but also in translating these ideas into readable text. According to Harmer (2004:86) writing is a process and that what we write is often heavily influenced by the contraints of genres, then these element have to be present in learning activities. According to Abrams (2013: 331) short story is a brief work of prose fiction, and most of the terms for analyzing the content elements, the types, and the narrative techniques of the novel are the apllicable to the short story as well. Short story included to literature, based on Roberts and Jacobs (2006:2) state literature is composition that tells the story, dramatized a situation, expresses emoticon, analyze and advocates ideas. Negative inversion necessarily occurs when a clause starts with a negative adverb or negative adverbial phrase which requires an inversion of the canonical declarative subject-verb word order (Camus, 2018 Horner, 2014). In addition to the canonical NP–I0 –VP structure, English has a number of constructions in which the subject follows the inflected verb, these are called ‘inversion constructions’. Inversion in English is a widespread grammatical term used to describe the changes in the word order especially when it comes to describing the formation of direct questions and negative inversion.Īccording Cambridge Dictionary, inversion happens when we reverse (invert) the normal word order of a structure, most commonly the subject-verb word order.

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